What are the six aspects of specialized sports skills

At present, there are two mainstream classifications of the six components of special sports skills in the sports field. The general classifications for school sports and mass sports are special cognition, special technology, special tactics, special physical fitness, special psychology, and special social adaptation. The classification for professional competitive training will replace special social adaptation with special recovery ability. Both classifications have corresponding application scenarios, and there is no absolute right or wrong.

I have been doing youth basketball training at the grassroots level for three years, and my perception of these dimensions is really very specific, and they are not dry items in textbooks at all. There used to be a kid in the second grade of junior high school on the team. He usually made 8 out of 10 three-pointers in private practice. His standing height was 10 centimeters higher than other kids of the same age. He was technically and physically qualified. But when he played in the municipal league, his hips would stretch. He would either forget his position while standing on the court, or he would rush to the referee to argue if he was bumped by an opponent. He could not even touch three free throws in a row. Later, we spent almost two months to provide him with special cognitive and psychological content. We added a 20-minute simulation match at the end of each training session. We deliberately let the referee call him fouls to make him angry, and deliberately called his name during fast breaks to disturb him.

Speaking of these dimensions, it’s like buying a game laptop that can run AAA masterpieces. Without any accessories, it can’t run at full frame rate. No matter how skilled you are, an old graphics card can’t drive high image quality. The same is true for sports: you only have top-notch cameras. Without specialized physical support, you will not be able to lift your arms from the entire game to the fourth quarter, and your accurate touch will be of no use; if you memorize the tactics by heart, but cannot read your opponent's defensive layout without specialized knowledge, it will be useless if you run into the arms of your teammates every time you move.

Why are there two classification logics? In fact, it all depends on the usage scenario. For us ordinary enthusiasts or physical education teachers in schools, practicing special sports has social attributes. When playing badminton doubles, you need to know how to fill positions with your teammates, and don’t throw your racket to shame yourself when you lose. These social adaptation contents are inherently part of sports, and they also meet the current requirements for the integration of physical education. But if you switch to a professional competitive scene such as a provincial team or a national team, performance is the first priority. After heavy training and high-density competition, the athlete's ability to quickly recover becomes the core competitiveness. Look at those top football players who can still run all over the field after playing double matches for a week. They rely on special recovery abilities that ordinary people do not have. Therefore, incorporating this dimension into the six major skills is completely the result of practice.

To put it bluntly, specialized sports skills never only refer to whether you can do a certain standard action, but whether you can stably display your ability in a real sports scene. If you are missing any piece, you cannot really understand the project.