What are the six aspects of specialized sports skills?

At present, the six core dimensions of special sports skills that are generally recognized in the field of domestic sports training are special physical fitness, special techniques, special tactics, special psychological abilities, special intelligence, and special sensory abilities. Some competitive sports research teams will merge special sensory perceptions into the category of special intelligence and replace them with special social adaptability. However, the former is a common classification standard in mainstream teaching and assessment scenarios.

I have led youth track and field training in grassroots sports schools for three years, and I am deeply impressed by the practicality of this division. Take the sprint event as an example. Many children are born with strong explosive power. They can react quickly when starting from a crouching position. They can beat their peers by running 60 meters. When they really want to practice the 100-meter or 200-meter special events, they have not practiced special arm swings and hip-strengthening techniques during running. In the second half of the race, their movements are completely deformed and their speed drops very fast. This is because special skills are holding them back.

Once you have mastered your skills, you still need to know tactics when you go on the field. For example, last year in the city youth sprint competition, a child I led originally ranked second in personal performance. In the finals, he deliberately ran behind the first place in a controlled rhythm. In the last 15 meters, he suddenly accelerated and overtook him due to the wind-breaking effect of the people in front of him, and won the championship. This is the tactical awareness specifically for short-distance running, and it is not a blind act on the spot.

Many people ignore the role of specialized psychology. I have met many good prospects whose training performance can reach the standard of third-level athletes. As soon as it comes to the official competition, they are so nervous that their legs are weak during inspection and they can hear the starting gun incorrectly. This is because their specialized psychological ability has not kept up. It is not that they are usually timid, but that they have not undergone specialized psychological training under the pressure of competitions and cannot stabilize their movements.

As for special intelligence, although it sounds mysterious, it is actually easy to understand. For example, a hurdler can accurately judge the starting point of each hurdle, and a middle-distance runner can adjust the pace in real time according to his or her heart rate. These are all exclusive judgment abilities developed from years of dealing with sports. They are not the same thing as the usual IQ level.

The most easily overlooked thing by laymen is specialized sensory perception. To tell you an interesting thing, I once met a sprint coach who retired from a provincial team. Just by listening to the running footsteps of an athlete, he can judge whether his stride frequency is correct and whether his landing is cushioned. This ability of "listening to identify movements" is a specialized sensory perception developed through years of immersion in sports. It is a conditioned reflex engraved in the nerves.

There are indeed different classification ideas in the industry. Many teams engaged in campus sports and mass sports training feel that specialized sensory perception is too biased towards high-level competition and cannot be used by ordinary enthusiasts, so they will replace it with specialized social adaptability, such as team communication and rule application in collective projects. There is no absolute right or wrong between the two classifications, but the people and scenarios they are suitable for are different. We ordinary people choose a sport that we like to play. There is no need to pursue reaching the top in all six dimensions. Being able to understand physical fitness and technology is enough to have fun.