What are the six skills included in specialized sports skills?

At present, in the mainstream context of domestic sports training and national fitness, the six special sports skills commonly mentioned are special sensory perception skills, special technical execution skills, special tactical decision-making skills, special psychological control skills, special physical fitness adaptation skills, and special risk response skills. Of course, this classification is not a mandatory standard in the industry. Practitioners of different projects often adjust the classification dimensions according to the characteristics of the project. There is no absolute right or wrong.

They are all very professional terms, but they are actually very easy to understand when applied to specific sports. Take the basketball that everyone often plays as an example. To put it bluntly, specialized sensory perception is what we often call "ball sense." People who play a lot don't have to look down when dribbling. They can know the positions of teammates and defenders by scanning the peripheral vision, and they can judge whether the ball should be shot the moment they catch it. These are all manifestations of this type of skill. The execution of special skills is basic movements such as shooting, dribbling, and footwork. After practicing muscle memory, even if the body is out of balance, it can subconsciously perform standard movements without temporary deformation. Not to mention tactical decisions, such as whether to slide down or out when playing pick-and-rolls, and when to pass through when teammates are in the open. These judgments are not based on blind guesses on the spot, but are all tactical thinking honed through years of playing games.

As for psychological control, anyone who has played in a formal game must have experienced it. In the last few seconds of free throws to determine the winner, the stability of the heart rate and the trembling of hands directly determine whether or not points can be scored. I once coached a young student who usually shot 70% from the field. Special physical fitness adaptation is also critical. The explosive power, lateral speed, and core strength required for basketball are completely different from the aerobic endurance required for long-distance running and the core control required for swimming. If you practice basketball the same way you train for a marathon, you will be out of breath and unable to lift your legs within five minutes, and you will not be able to use your skills at all. The final special risk response, to put it bluntly, is the ability to prevent injuries. When you take off and land and your feet are stepped on, you know how to release the force. When you are hit, you know how to cushion it so that you don’t fall hard. When you get really twisted, you know how to apply cold compresses instead of rubbing them. These are all core skills that allow you to continue to exercise for a long time.

Of course, not everyone recognizes this classification. Several marathon and triathlon coaches I know are more accustomed to putting "specialized recovery skills" into the six items, replacing some physical fitness-related content. After all, for endurance events, the ability to replenish energy during the game and quickly relax and recover after the game directly determines whether the training can be sustained. If you run a half-marathon and slow down for three days, you will not be able to keep up with the next training. This adjustment is completely in line with the rules of the event. I usually don’t focus on classification words when I lead enthusiasts to train. To put it bluntly, no matter how they are divided, the core is around the goals of "being able to play this event well, reduce injuries, and being able to persist for a long time." Whatever is missing, just make up for it. There is no need to stick to standard answers.