What does special sports ability include?

Specialized sports ability is a collection of all targeted abilities that athletes have to adapt to the competition and training requirements of specific sports. The core covers the five dimensions of special physical fitness, special technology, special tactics, special psychology, and special intelligence. Currently, there are still some differences in the industry on whether tactics can be classified into separate categories.

When I teach teenagers sprint training, I often tell parents, don’t blindly let your children practice general strength training with fitness bloggers. Your child trains 100 meters and trains the biceps with large circumferences every day. When swinging the arms, the weight is heavy and the cadence decreases. On the contrary, he cannot run fast. This is because he does not understand the characteristics of specific physical fitness. The same is true for endurance training. Marathon runners need the aerobic endurance to maintain the pace for two or three hours in a row, while basketball guards need the intermittent endurance to play for a few minutes and rush for a fast break. If you ask the marathon champion to play a full-court CBA, he will have to akimbo and pant after running back for two times. The essence is that the specific physical fitness requirements of different events are completely different.

It is not enough to have a good physical foundation. The ability to transform abilities into specific movements is special skills. For example, table tennis's twisting and pulling, badminton's diving save, and sprinting's ground-grabbing force are all useless skills apart from this event. When practicing, they have to be pushed to the extreme. For example, the arm swing in sprinting does not just need to be swung back and forth. If the angle is too big, it wastes physical energy. If the angle is too small, it can't drive the stride, and almost no results can be achieved.

If the movements are standard, whether you can take advantage of the confrontation depends on the reserve of special tactics. However, there are different opinions in the industry regarding the classification of tactics. Many sports physiology scholars believe that the essence of tactics is decision-making ability on the field and should be classified as specialized intelligence. However, most of our front-line coaches are still accustomed to singling it out separately. After all, this thing can really directly affect the outcome of the game. For example, in volleyball, when the opponent's secondary attack blocker is highly prominent, the offensive rhythm is actively changed to a flat fast ball to avoid the height advantage of the blocker. This ability to adjust on the spot cannot be developed without special training.

The hard power is already in place. Whether it can be used depends on whether the special psychology is stable enough. Believe it or not, we are all 10-meter air rifle athletes who can complete all the rings during training. When it comes to the last shot of the Olympic finals, we are still 0.2 rings behind. When we pull the trigger, our hands do not shake and our heart rate does not spike. This kind of stress resistance is specially trained. If you let ordinary people with the best mentality go up, they can't even find the target while holding the gun.

When it comes to the top competitions, the physical, technical, and mental differences between everyone are very small. What matters now is special intelligence. For example, a fencer can remember his opponent's feinting habits in the first three rounds, a swimmer can accurately adjust the physical distribution of the back stroke according to his stroke frequency in the first 100 meters, and a football midfielder can predict his teammates' running route half a second in advance. These cannot be achieved by just practicing movements. They must understand, remember and use the rules of the event thoroughly.

To put it bluntly, sports-specific ability is like an exclusive equipment bag tailor-made for each event. You can't just pick up a bag filled with general fitness supplies and go on the field. If something is missing, you will have to show your weakness on the field.