What causes stomachache during menstruation?

Stomach pain during menstruation may be related to genetic factors, excessive secretion of prostaglandins, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, adenomyosis and other causes. It can be relieved by hot compresses, taking painkillers, hormone therapy, surgical removal of lesions, etc.

1. Genetic factors

Some women have a family history of dysmenorrhea. If their mothers or sisters have severe dysmenorrhea symptoms, their chances of having it may increase. This type of primary dysmenorrhea usually begins 1-2 years after menarche, and the pain is mostly concentrated 1-2 days before menstruation. It is recommended to keep the abdomen warm and avoid strenuous exercise. If necessary, you can use ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, acetaminophen tablets and other drugs as directed by your doctor for relief.

2. Excessive secretion of prostaglandins

When the endometrium is shed during menstruation, a large amount of prostaglandins are released, causing strong contraction of the uterine smooth muscle. Pain caused by this physiological cause is often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. You can try using a hot water bottle to apply heat to the lower abdomen, or take prostaglandin synthase inhibitors such as naproxen sodium tablets and diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets as directed by your doctor.

3. Endometriosis

Endometrial tissue grows ectopically into the ovaries, pelvic cavity and other parts of the body, and these tissues will also bleed and fall off during menstruation. This pathological pain is characterized by progressive aggravation and may be accompanied by dyspareunia and infertility. After diagnosis, hormonal drugs such as ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone tablets can be used to inhibit the growth of the endometrium. In severe cases, laparoscopic surgery is required to remove the ectopic lesions.

4. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection can cause lower abdominal pain during menstruation, often accompanied by fever and abnormal vaginal discharge. In the acute attack period, ceftriaxone sodium for injection combined with metronidazole sodium chloride injection is required for anti-infective treatment. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease can be combined with pelvic floor physical therapy.

5. Adenomyosis

Lesions formed when endometrial glands invade the myometrium, manifesting as increased menstrual flow, prolonged menstrual periods, and gradually worsening dysmenorrhea. Ultrasound examination shows uniform enlargement of the uterus, and treatment options include levonorgestrel sustained-release intrauterine system or hysterectomy.

During menstruation, you should avoid raw and cold foods. Drinking ginger syrup in moderation can help relieve the pain of uterine cold. Maintaining a regular schedule and moderate exercise can improve pelvic blood circulation, but swimming and other activities that may cause infection need to be avoided. Recording the menstrual cycle and pain characteristics can help doctors determine the cause of the disease. If severe pain lasts for more than 3 days or is accompanied by fever or vomiting, you should see a gynecologist promptly. Daily abdominal breathing and yoga postures can be practiced to help relax the pelvic floor muscles. When the pain is severe, it is recommended to rest in bed and use a uterine warmer patch to assist with relief.