Thistle

　　Thistle is the above-ground part or root of the Asteraceae plant Cirsium setosum (Willd.) MB. or Cephanoplos setosum (Willd.) Kitarn. Produced in most parts of the country. Collected in summer and autumn during flowering period. Remove impurities, dry in the sun, and use raw or stir-fried with charcoal.

　　[Medical properties] Sweet, bitter, cool. Guixin, liver meridian.

　　[Efficacy] Cool blood to stop bleeding, disperse blood stasis, detoxify and eliminate carbuncle.

　　【application】

　　1. Blood heat and bleeding syndrome. This product is cold and cool in nature. It is good at clearing away the heat in the blood and cooling the blood to stop bleeding. It can be used by patients with vomiting, epistaxis, bleeding in the stool, metrorrhagia and other bleeding caused by excessive blood heat. For example, in the "Easy and Simple Prescriptions for Hygiene", this product is pounded into juice and taken to treat bleeding from the nine orifices; in "Therapeutic Materia Medica", this product is pounded and applied externally to treat bleeding sores; clinically used to treat various bleeding syndromes, it is often used with thistle, Platycladus orientalis leaves, grass roots, and madder, such as Shi Hui Powder ("Ten Medicines God Book"). Because this product can diuretic and relieve stranguria, it is especially good at treating hematuria and bloody stranguria. It can be used alone, or it can be combined with raw rehmannia, talc, gardenia, light bamboo leaves, etc., such as Xiaojiyinzi ("Jisheng Prescription").

　　2. Carbuncle due to heat poisoning. This product can clear away heat and detoxify, dissipate blood stasis and reduce swelling, and is used to treat initial swelling and pain caused by heat poisonous sores. It can be pounded fresh and applied to the affected area alone, or it can be used together with frankincense and myrrh, such as Shenxiao Fang ("Puji Fang").

　　[Usage and Dosage] Decoction, 10-15g, double the amount of fresh product. For external use, apply an appropriate amount to the affected area.

　　[Abstract from ancient books]

　　1. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "The root of thistle is cool and non-toxic. It can treat heat and poisonous wind combined with chest and diaphragm upset. It can appetize and be taken with food, reduce fever, and replenish deficiency and damage." Miao, to relieve irritability and heat, grind the raw material into juice and take it. The little thistle is weak and can only reduce fever, unlike the big thistle which can nourish and lower qi. ”

　　2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Clears fire, dispels wind, eliminates phlegm, and relieves all boils, carbuncles, ulcers, and swollen poisons." ”

　　3. "Medical Medicine Zhongshenxilu": "Fresh thistle root has a slightly pungent taste, a slightly fishy odor, and is cool and moist in nature. Its odor is the same as that of blood, and it is cool and moist in nature. Therefore, it is good at entering the blood component and is the most effective at clearing the heat of the blood component. Anyone who coughs up blood, vomits blood, has epistaxis, or has blood in the stool will be cured immediately after taking it. It is also good at treating tuberculosis and tuberculosis. It can be used at any stage, even if used alone, it can be effective. It can also be used to treat all sores, swelling and pain, stranguria stranguria, and bloody bleeding. Its properties can not only cool blood and stop bleeding, but also activate blood circulation and detoxify, so it has all the above effects. Its cool and moist nature is good at nourishing yin and nourishing blood, and can cure blood deficiency and fever. It is also effective for women with bleeding, bleeding, and redness, and those with heat. ”

　　【Modern Research】

　　1. Chemical composition: Mainly contains alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes and simple phenolic acids. Among them, the hemostatic active ingredients include acanthin-7-rhamnoside, rutin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechualdehyde, and dandelion.

　　2. Pharmacological effects: This product can constrict blood vessels, increase platelet number, promote platelet aggregation and increase thrombin activity, inhibit fibrinolysis, thereby accelerating hemostasis. In vitro experiments show that Xiaoji decoction has a certain inhibitory effect on diphtheria bacilli, pneumococci, hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Escherichia coli, typhoid bacilli, etc. In addition, this product can also lower lipids, be choleretic, diuretic, strengthen the heart, increase blood pressure, etc.

　　3. Clinical research: Use 30g of thistle, add 800ml of water, decoct 200ml, and give it to the stomach to treat 11 cases of bleeding after gastrectomy. The curative effect is satisfactory (Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2001, 7, 285); put 6g of dried or 10g of fresh thistle into a cup, soak in 30 to 50ml of boiling water for 10 minutes, take it before going to bed, and the course of treatment is 2 months. A total of 56 cases of refractory insomnia were treated with definite curative effect and no adverse reactions (Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1995, 9:14). This product is mainly used clinically. It can also prevent bacillary dysentery and treat hypertension, infectious hepatitis, traumatic infection, leprosy epistaxis, postpartum uterine insufficiency and hemorrhage, etc.